Which components make up the Autonomic Nervous System?

The autonomic nervous system is comprised of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body’s 'fight or flight' responses, preparing the body to respond to perceived threats by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and inhibiting non-essential functions. In contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system governs 'rest and digest' activities, promoting a state of relaxation and recovery, such as slowing the heart rate and increasing intestinal and gland activity.

Understanding these two systems provides insight into how the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary physiological functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion, contributing to homeostasis. Recognizing the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is crucial for understanding human physiological responses in various situations, particularly in a high-pressure environment like aviation.