What is considered an external threat in aviation?

Weather conditions affecting the flight are categorized as external threats in aviation because they originate outside the aircraft and can impact the aircraft's performance, safety, and the overall operation of a flight. External threats are those elements that pilots and flight crews cannot control, but they must account for them when making decisions and managing the flight.

Weather factors such as turbulence, thunderstorms, low visibility, or icing can pose significant challenges and necessitate adjustments in flight plans, approaches, and decisions made during the flight. Pilots typically receive weather briefings and must be trained to interpret and respond to changing weather conditions to ensure safety.

In contrast, mechanical failures of the aircraft and the psychological state of the pilot are considered internal factors since they are related to the aircraft's systems or the crew's mental and physical condition. While the actions of air traffic control can influence the flight and necessitate effective communication and coordination, they are typically part of the operational environment rather than external environmental threats.